雅思新手考生备考攻略：阅读长难句
有很多考生其实阅读老是考在5分左右徘徊，最大的原因就是对于朝南郡读不懂或者是根本就跟不上，接下来就让100留学教育小编为您介绍雅思新手考生备考攻略。
雅思新手考生备考攻略：阅读长难句
入门词汇，雅思阅读主讲，学士学位，授课风格深入浅出，条理清晰，擅于运用朴素的语言解析复杂的知识点，帮助学生在短期内夯实基础，举一反三，迅速提高。
覃思路老师用“and”起头，结合了实例给我们详尽地讲解了最实用的巧用连接词攻破长难句的技巧，满满都是干货，同学们可以收藏分享起来，作为高效屠鸭的秘密武器哦。
名师说
说到“and”,大家应该都知道这个词的中文翻译是“和，并且”。但是，你能想到这个单词竟然是雅思阅读的常考点吗？掌握“and”的用法，既可以帮助你轻松解题，也可以帮助你解锁阅读里的超级长难句。
连接词家族介绍
在想要真正了解“and”这个单词之前，我们需要先了解“and”所属的家族。
在英语语言体系中，有一个古老而神秘的家族——连接词，他们的职责是连接单词、短语和句子。这个家族有2个分支：对等连接词和从属连接词，语法名称代表用法，即对等连接词连接词性相等的单词、短语和句子，从属连接词连接有主从关系的短语和句子（若无法理解，请先看例句，再回来细读此句）。
举两个例子：
① Do you write with your right hand or your left hand？
② I always rely on him when I am in the trouble.
理解
第①句中，对等连接词“or”连接的“your right hand”与“your left hand”都是名词词性的短语，即对等连接词连接词性相等的单词、短语和句子。
第②句中，从属连接词“when”左边“I always rely on him”是主句，右边“I am in the trouble”是从句，即从属连接词连接有主从关系的短语和句子。
详说对等连接词
对等连接词家族成员主要包括and, as well as, or, but, not only…but(also)…, both…and…, either…or…, neither…nor…，and是该家族中最高频的考点。
为了帮助大家更好地掌握对等连接词的概念，下面有3组对等连接词的练习，你能找出对等连接词及其连接的词性对等的成分吗？
①We can have fresh air and enjoy beautiful scenery.
②She hopes both to lose weight and shape up by jogging.
③ He not only broke the machine, but put the blame on me.
解析
第①句中，连接词是“and”,连接词左边的成分不太好判断，但是我们很容易判断出右边的成分为“enjoy beautiful scenery”，根据词性相等的原则，左边应该是动词短语“have fresh air”而不是“fresh air”。
依此方法，第②句中连接词是both…and…,左边的成分为“lose weight”,右边的成分为“shape up”；
第③句中连接词为not noly…but…左边的成分有为“broke the machine”，右边的成分为“put the blame on me”。
巧用连接词，攻破长难句
那么，对等连接词可以在雅思阅读中怎样帮助我们解题呢？
我们可以先以剑4第73页Questions 22-26作为导入：
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Volcanic eruptions have shaped the earth’s land surface. They may also have produced the world’s atmosphere and 22_____. Eruptions occur when molten rocks from the earth’s mantle rise and expand. When they become liquid, they move quickly through cracks in the surface. There are different types of eruption. Sometimes the 23_____ moves slowly and forms outcrops of granite on the earth’s surface. When it moves more quickly it may flow out in thick horizontal sheets. Examples of this type of eruption can be found in Northern Ireland, Wales, South Africa and 24______. A third type of eruption occurs when the lava emerges very quickly and 25______. violently. This happens because the magma moves so suddenly that 26______are emitted.
解析
快速地扫过题目，你会发现22、24和25题前均有对等连接词“and”。
我们来详细分析22题：根据“对等连接词左右两边词性相等”的原则，判断出22空应该是一个跟“volcanic eruption”有关且与“atmosphere”并列的名词。
再阅读原文：
Volcanoes have not only made the continents, they are also thought to have made the world’s first stable atmosphere and provided all the water for the oceans, rivers and ice-caps. There are now about 600 active volcanoes. Every year they add two or three cubic kilometres of rock to the continents. Imagine a similar number of volcanoes smoking away for the last 3,500 million years. That is enough rock to explain the continental crust.
定位到“atmosphere”，然后找到与其并列的名词“water”，答案即为“water”。
请用同样的方法试着解一下第24和25题，看看你能不能找到哦！
有的同学可能会有疑问，老师，这是剑4里面的，好像题有点老，现在最新的题里面也会这么考吗？答案是：会！
我们来看看最新的剑13第87页Questions 14：
Complete the summary below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
Why soil degradation could be a disaster for humans
Healthy soil contains a large variety of bacteria and other microorganisms, as well as plant remains and 14_______. It provides us with food and also with antibiotics, and its function in storing 15______has a significant effect on the climate….
解析
首先要判断14题的词性。你觉得14题应该填什么词性的词呢？
Healthy soil contains a large variety of bacteria and other microorganisms, as well as plant remains and 14_______.
该句的主语是“healthy soil”，谓语是contains，这两个是比较容易判断的。
接下来，“a large variety of bacteria”与“other microorganisms”并列同为名词词性的短语，“as well as”是对等连接词，接下来的“and”也是对等连接词，推断出“ plant remains”是与“a large variety of bacteria”及“other microorganisms”并列的名词短语，故14题应该填名词，且是包含在“healthy soil”中的某一种物质。我们的定位词选定“healthy soil”，“bacteria“然后去找跟“bacteria”、“microorganisms”、“plant remains”并列的一个名词。
再阅读原文：
B Peter Groffman, from the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in New York, points out that soil scientists have been warning about the degradation of the world’s soil for decades. At the same time, our understanding of its importance to humans has grown. A single gram of healthy soil might contain 100 million bacteria, as well as othermicroorganisms such as viruses and fungi, living amid decomposing plants and various minerals. That means soils do not just grow our food, but are the source of nearly all our existing antibiotics, and…
我们很容易定位到B段，根据对等连接词左右两边词性相等的原则，判断出“health soil”中包含的4项分别是“bacteria”、“microorganisms”、“fungi”和“minerals”。由于“fungi”后面修饰成分“living amid decomposing plants”可以确定fungi 对应的是“plant remains”，故答案为“minerals”。
关于对等连接词，尤其是“and”,剑桥真题中还有很多的例子，限于篇幅，我们的分析不得不告一段落。但是，你的探索才刚刚起步。下次，再次见到“and”时，相信你已经“看山不是山，看水不是水”，你可以骄傲地对自己说，我现在看到的“and”已经不再是以前看到的“和，并且”。
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