对于雅思写作而言,长难句一直是困扰不少考生备考过程中的提分障碍。其实,长难句无非是英语不同于汉语的一种信息组成方式的体现:英语更倾向于把很多信息集中到一个句子中,形成各种从句;汉语则更喜欢以短句为主,来表达复杂信息。明白这个规律之后,笔者将为各位烤鸭们剖析雅思写作高频复杂句的使用技能。
定语从句
纵观剑桥真题上面的考官范文,定语从句乃是当之无愧高频句,现摘取如下较典型的例句与读者共同探讨:This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis.句中,that 引导的定语从句:that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis. 是对先行词technological and scientific breakthroughs 的限定说明,它不影响主句:This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs. 的语法结构。因此,我们的出结论:定语从句的功能是对句中某个名词作限定说明,使用方法就是在名词后+that/which(先行词为事物)或who(先行词为人)并且把这些引导词当成主语,接着补充成一个句子就行啦。
状语从句
再看看同样使用频率较高的状语从句:For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. 句中,if 引导的是条件状语从句:if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities. 主句一般而言表示基于此条件的结果。我们试着来总结一下它的使用公式:if+句子(条件)+ then+句子(结果)。需要注意的是由于是虚拟条件,if 引导的条件从句用一般过去时,主句用虚拟语气较为常见。(具体请参照例句理解)
宾语从句
They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely different from a university course.句中,that 引导的从句:that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely different from a university course. 作think 的宾语。That 本身在从句中不做任何成分。我们来探讨宾语从句的使用规律:主语+谓语+that+完整句子。就构成了一个宾语从句。
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