如果要问托福阅读中什么题型比较需要考生开动脑筋,那么推理题应该算是其中之一了。虽然说不上烧脑,但比起那些只要成功定位就能找到解题线索的题目,推理题对考生的逻辑思维分析能力还是有一定要求的,也因此让许多同学感觉到了一点难度。做好托福阅读推理题需要了解思路,下面小编就通过实例来为大家具体介绍。
托福阅读推理题解题思路分析
从题型构成上来看,托福阅读10大题型中的推理题其实很像是细节题,似乎都是需要考生返回原文来寻找具体信息并加以解题的。而这两种题型的不同之处在于细节题能够在原文中找到对应选项的细节,最多进行一些简单的表述形式变化,但含义却保持一致,可以说相对简单。
而推理题则需要大家在找到原文的基础上再做进一步的逻辑推理分析,正确选项代表的含义要靠大家自己思索出来,无法在原文中直接找到对应内容。换句话说,大家需要根据文中的相关依据再往前做简单推理才能得出答案。大家不要小看这一步推理的过程,很多同学偏偏就是不知道该怎么去进一步思考推理。
做好推理题需要类比逻辑思维
既然提到了逻辑思维分析推理,接下来小编就来为大家介绍一下托福推理题中比较常用的类比逻辑思维方式。这种思维模式很简单,也就是文章中提到两个事物,互为比较对象,而这两个事物具有一些相同的特点特征,因此可以根据A事物具有的特征来推理出B事物也具备相同的特征。
举个简单的例子,像小刘一样,小王也喜欢养猫。那么从这句话里,我们就可以通过类比思维来推断出,小刘喜欢养猫。大家是不是觉得这也太容易了,不要小看这种推理思维,下面给大家两道来自托福官方真题中的阅读逻辑题做参考分析。
推理题类比思维解题技巧实例讲解
实例1:
When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.
What can be inferred about whales from this paragraph?
A . They are considered by some to be reptiles.
B. Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.
C .They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.
D .They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.
思路分析:
先来看一道简单一点的逻辑题,这段文字讲了某种海龟的特点,其中提到了鲸鱼,问题就是能够从这段文字中推理出什么和鲸鱼有关的信息。根据infer这个关键词,可以看出这是一道较为明显的逻辑推理题。
这段文字一共就两句话,第一句话就类似上面举的简单例子里的“像小刘一样”的这个部分,直接把类比双方海龟和鲸鱼提了出来。然后第二句话则说明了海龟具体具有的特点。那么根据类比逻辑,鲸鱼应该具有的也是第二句话中的这个特点,接下来大家只要从选项里找到和第二句话内容相近的部分就可以了,也就是海龟具有的应对寒冷的独特能力鲸鱼也有,所以选B。
实例2:
Buck rubs also have a scent. These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication. Forehead rubbing by male deer on buck rubs presumably sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species. The presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crude measure of relative deer abundance in a given area. The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.
What can be inferred from this paragraph about the trumpeting of bull elk?
A.Trumpeting by higher-status bull elk signals their presence to other members of their species.
B.Bull elk need to combine trumpeting with olfactory signals to covey information about their identity.
C.Trumpeting alerts white-tailed deer to the presence of bull elk in their vicinity.
D.Trumpeting provides a better measure of deer presence in a given area than buck rubs do.
思路分析:
接下来再来看这道更有难度的推理题,这道题目的类比逻辑结构和上面正好相反,先说了A事物的一个特点,然后再说B事物也有类似特点。对应到原文中应该就是文章的最后一句给出的提示,也就是buck rub散发出的olfactory signal和bull elk trumpeting发出的auditory signal有相同的作用。那么接下来大家就要去找出buck rub的olfactory signal有什么功效然后和选项对照一下就能得出正确答案了。
具体到文章里,buck rub的作用就是sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species和indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity,而trumpeting by bull elk应该也具备类似功效,也就是选项A了。
总结以上两个例子可以看出,托福阅读中的逻辑题虽然需要考生进行自主思考,但这种推理思考的难度其实也并不算高,大家不用想得太多太复杂,只需要稍稍进行简单的逻辑推理自然就能找到正确答案了。小编希望大家能够通过上面的例子了解应对托福阅读逻辑题的正确和实用思路,更好地解答阅读逻辑题拿到考试高分。